Setting a science-based target (SBT) for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of the most impactful steps a business can take to align its climate strategy with the latest climate science. These targets ensure that your company’s actions are in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement—limiting global warming to well below 2°C, ideally 1.5°C.
This guide outlines a clear, actionable process to help you develop, validate, and implement a science-based emissions reduction target.
🌍 What Is a Science-Based Target?
A science-based target is a GHG reduction goal that aligns with the emissions trajectory needed to avoid the most dangerous impacts of climate change. It’s not arbitrary—it’s grounded in scientific research and calculated to ensure your company contributes fairly to global decarbonization efforts.
🔍 Why Set a Science-Based Target?
✔ Align with Global Climate Goals
Ensure your business strategy supports international efforts to stabilize the climate.
✔ Future-Proof Your Business
Get ahead of evolving regulations, investor demands, and consumer expectations.
✔ Build Trust and Credibility
Signal transparency, responsibility, and climate leadership to stakeholders.
🛠️ Step-by-Step: How to Set a Science-Based Target
1. 📊 Gather Data on Your Emissions
Start with a GHG inventory. Measure all emissions from:
- Scope 1: Direct emissions from owned or controlled sources.
- Scope 2: Indirect emissions from purchased electricity, heat, or cooling.
- Scope 3: All other indirect emissions (e.g., supply chain, business travel) if significant.
2. 📐 Choose a Target-Setting Methodology
Use one of the SBTi-approved approaches:
- Absolute Contraction Approach (ACA): Requires an absolute reduction in emissions.
- Sectoral Decarbonization Approach (SDA): Tailored to high-emission sectors (e.g., transport, energy, cement).
3. 🎯 Set the Target
Based on the method, define your SBT. It should:
- Cover at least Scope 1 & 2 (Scope 3 if it makes up >40% of total emissions).
- Span 5–15 years into the future.
- Be ambitious enough to align with a 1.5°C or well-below 2°C pathway.
4. ✍️ Submit Your Commitment
Sign the SBTi Commitment Letter and submit your target for validation. This adds your company to the global list of committed organizations on platforms like:
- CDP
- UN Global Compact
- We Mean Business
5. 🚀 Implement and Track Progress
Develop an actionable roadmap to achieve your target. Implement reduction strategies such as:
- Energy efficiency upgrades
- Renewable energy purchasing
- Supply chain engagement
Track and report your emissions annually using accepted standards.
6. 📄 Report, Review, and Improve
Regularly disclose your emissions and progress. Use SBTi feedback and stakeholder input to refine your target over time.
📋 Key Requirements for SBT Validation
- Boundary: Must include Scope 1 & 2; Scope 3 if it’s a significant portion.
- Timeframe: Minimum 5 years, maximum 15 years.
- Ambition: Aligned with 1.5°C or well-below 2°C scenarios.
- Transparency: Disclose annual emissions inventory and progress.
💡 Tips for Success
- Consult Experts: Use SBTi tools or sustainability consultants to ensure compliance.
- Stay Updated: SBTi guidance evolves. Subscribe to updates relevant to your sector.
- Monetize Your Journey: Join affiliate or referral programs for carbon accounting and target-setting tools.
📌 Conclusion
Setting a science-based emissions target is more than a climate commitment—it’s a strategic move toward long-term resilience, market competitiveness, and global impact. By following the right steps and methodologies, you can position your business as a climate leader.
🔗 Key Resources
- Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi): sciencebasedtargets.org
- WSP Guide to SBTs: Best practices for data collection and implementation
- GHG Protocol: ghgprotocol.org – widely used standards for emissions reporting
- Carbon Trust: Tools and guides to develop SBTs across industries
⚠️ Disclaimer
This article is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute professional or legal advice. While we strive for accuracy, you should consult qualified experts before making business decisions based on this content. We are not responsible for any actions taken as a result of reading this article.
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